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A Short
History Of Architectural Drawings
By Adriana N.
For hundreds of years architectural drawings were drawn up and
reproduced by hand with ink on paper. These scale drawings were
drawn according to standard conventions and used as building plans,
working sketches, and as records. During the twentieth century
technical advances changed the way draftsmen performed their job.
The introduction of digital technology has caused a switch to
computer aided drafting, or CAD.
The origins of the detailed plans of structures common to modern
times was in the Renaissance, when artists made detailed sketches of
classical buildings and began planning buildings that they imagined.
In those days, the renderings did not include measurements and the
conventions for detailed plans had not yet been set. Builders were
expected to follow the illustration and work out the details.
As building became more complex, the art of drafting the plans
advanced so that everything was spelled out in detail. Working up
the plans including all the levels of detail became the process for
spelling out engineering and construction problems before beginning
the actual building. Creating detailed plans helps to avoid
construction delays, to make cost estimates and to help the builder
decide to commit to a project.
Eventually, the conventions used in modern architecture were adopted
by the architects who prepared the plans. Certain views became
standard, such as floor plans, which are horizontal views of the
floor of a building usually at a height of three feet, showing how
all the objects are arranged. This includes the walls, locations of
windows and doors, fittings, stairs, and sometimes furniture in
solid lines.
Another view is an elevation, which might be the depiction of an
exterior or interior wall of a building. A cross section, similar to
a floor plan, is a vertical plane section which cuts through a
building. All these are drawn as orthogonal views, which means they
are depicted with opposite sides parallel, in other words, the sides
do not converge as in a perspective view. These are combined to
create comprehensive plans for the building, used at stages to solve
engineering problems or construction guides.
Copies of plans at first needed to be laboriously redrawn by hand,
which was done on special paper such as vellum that could not shrink
or stretch. When the blueprint process was developed, making
accurate copies was simplified. Another advance was the switch to
tracing paper, which allowed for much easier copies to be made of
building plans.
Better tools such as adjustable squares and technical pens cut down
on the time and labor needed to produce renderings. Technical
drafting aides like the parallel motion drafting table and transfer
lettering also helped to reduce the labor in producing drawings.
By far the biggest advance for creating architectural drawings came
with the application of computer technology to this discipline. CAD
software programs have taken over the production of building plans
and have increased both the capabilities and speed of completion for
planning structures. The choices for rendering details and materials
and solving engineering challenges have been simplified. Digital
plotters have made reproducing accurate prints an easy matter
Converts Architectural Drawings in Any Form to Cad Format For
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Architectural Plans For Commercial Buildings
By Tim J. Davis
When you are ready to create a new commercial building for your
business, you want it to be an expression of what your business is
about - a part of your brand. Besides being just the place where
your business happens to be located, your commercial building can
say a lot more about you, and communicate the impression that you
want your customers to have about you.
Quality commercial building plans need to include unique design
features that will make your building stand out from the
competition. With the right appeal, it can actually add to the
attractiveness of your business and make people take notice as they
drive by. Such an appeal can add to your bottom line and increase
the number of your customers and your success rate - even before
your doors ever open.
The process of getting the right architectural plans for your
commercial building starts out with obtaining a set of complete
blueprints for your building. Architectural drawings will need to be
made for each aspect of the building.
This will include:
•Foundation plans
•Floor plans
•Exterior views
•Framing plans
•Electrical plans
•HVAC plans
•Plumbing plans
•Sectional Plans
•Roof plans
•Site plans
•And a few more as needed.
Besides needing the basic plans and a great exterior, you will also
need commercial design plans for the interior of the building. This
should also be given much thought because the building layout is
important in making your visitors feel at home - and wanting to come
back. The appeal needs to be inside and outside.
Adding into your commercial building plans the needed sizes and
features for those with disabilities will further ensure that your
customers are happy with your new building design. This may benefit
both your visitors and possibly some employees, as well. Having
these features will also enable your building to resell faster, too,
because little upgrading will be required if that need should ever
arise.
Once the architectural plans are complete, you can take a set of
presentation drawings to potential lenders. They will need to see
what you are planning on doing and these drawings from your
architect or designer will be able to sell them on the idea. Most
likely, you will want to take an isometric drawing and a floor plan.
Depending on where you live, your architectural plans for your new
commercial building will need to be examined by the local planning
commission. This group, as well as the building inspectors, will
look over your plans and make sure that everything fits either into
the local plans for the future, and for any potential problems with
the design.
Selecting a contractor is the final major step in the procedure. You
will want to find one that is familiar with commercial building
construction and also has a solid reputation. It is also very
important that you have the contractor agree to follow the
architectural blueprints as given.
Church Architectural Plans: What to Expect in Good Drawings
By Jeffrey L Thomas
Architectural Plans - What's In, What's Out
Rather than discuss the latest fads in church design, I want to
explain what a church should expect to be included in the drawings
prepared by an architect. The construction plans should include
enough design information that well-qualified sub-contractors,
experienced in their field, should be able to bid and construct the
facility without having to rely too heavily on the builder and
architect during construction. The plans do not so much describe
construction techniques, but rather specify materials to be used,
acceptable standards, and the scope of the work.
Not every nut and bolt in the project needs to be drawn or
specified, but wall sections should be included, as should unusual
or critical design elements. Trim work details may not be included,
nor will many of the finish items that the owner may be selecting
during construction. Such items are sometimes given a dollar
allowance for bidding purposes. The plans may include the
specifications, or a separate spec manual may be prepared for larger
projects.
It is particularly important for the architect to know if the
project will be managed by a preselected builder or competitively
bid by several general contractors. This will impact the level of
detail required of the plans and specifications and will affect the
cost of the architectural services. The architect should also know
how much the owner will rely on him to handle the bid process and
analyze the bids. In any case, keep in mind that a more complete and
accurate set of plans will more likely result in an on-time,
on-budget project with fewer problems.
"Can We Buy Your Plans?"
Architects are occasionally asked if they will "sell" a set of plans
that were once created for another church. These inquiries often
come from someone who has seen a church that they believe would
perfectly meet the needs of their congregation. They assume that the
architect may be happy to simply copy the plans and sell them for a
small fee.
Few (if any) architects will be interested in such a proposition.
Architects do not sell a product; they provide a service based on
the unique needs of their client. The architect must design each
church in accordance with the prevailing local codes, and soil and
climate conditions of the project. Available utility services will
affect the mechanical design. Furthermore, material availability and
local construction techniques also vary from place to place.
An architect provides services to the church that go beyond the
printed plans. Hiring an architect creates a long-term relationship
where the church will benefit from the design professional's
experience, creativity, and counsel. Furthermore, churches usually
want to insure that the unique design that they worked hard to
develop with the help of their architect will not be duplicated in
every detail by another church that is trying to save money by
copying their beautiful new creation. Courts have long held that
architects retain all legal rights and ownership of their designs.
The architect's clients cannot give or sell plans to others without
the architect's permission.
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